Learning Targets:

1. Identify the primary reasons for the formation of labor unions (e.g., low wages, poor conditions, long hours).

2. Describe major labor conflicts and strikes (e.g., Great Strike of 1877, Haymarket Affair, Homestead, Pullman).

3. Explain the roles of key labor leaders and organizations (e.g., Samuel Gompers, Eugene V. Debs, Mary Harris Jones, AFL, IWW).

4. Analyze how management and government responded to union activities.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key New Deal programs such as the CCC, NIRA, AAA, WPA, and Social Security Act.

2. Describe the primary goals and functions of at least five major New Deal agencies.

3. Differentiate between the focus and key legislative acts of the First and Second New Deals.

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Learning Targets:

1. Assess the effectiveness of New Deal programs in addressing unemployment, poverty, and economic stabilization.

2. Explain how the New Deal impacted women, African Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans.

3. Discuss the lasting legacy of the New Deal on labor relations, environmental protection, and the role of government.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify the arguments of both liberal and conservative critics against the New Deal.

2. Explain the Supreme Court's reaction to New Deal legislation and Roosevelt's 'Court-packing bill'.

3. Describe the critiques and proposals of figures like Father Charles Coughlin, Dr. Francis Townsend, and Huey Long.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify popular forms of entertainment such as movies and radio programs during the 1930s.

2. Explain how government-funded art projects (WPA) supported artists, writers, and musicians.

3. Describe how cultural works reflected or provided escape from the realities of the Great Depression.

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Learning Targets:

1. Interpret political cartoons to understand contemporary perspectives on New Deal policies.

2. Analyze photojournalism (e.g., Dorothea Lange's 'Migrant Mother') to infer socio-economic conditions and public sentiment.

3. Evaluate excerpts from historical figures (e.g., Gardiner C. Means, Huey Long) to understand their viewpoints on New Deal policies.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify push and pull factors for various immigrant groups (Europeans, Asians, West Indians, Mexicans).

2. Describe the journey and initial experiences of immigrants at entry points like Ellis Island and Angel Island.

3. Locate major settlement areas for different immigrant groups using historical maps.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain the concept of the 'melting pot' and the goals of the Americanization movement.

2. Discuss the impact of nativism and discriminatory policies, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act and Gentlemen's Agreement.

3. Describe the living and working conditions experienced by immigrants in urban centers.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key problems associated with rapid urban growth, including housing, sanitation, crime, and fire.

2. Describe the conditions in tenements and the work of reformers like Jacob Riis.

3. Explain the role of the Social Gospel movement and settlement houses in addressing urban problems.

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Learning Targets:

1. Define 'political machine,' 'graft,' and 'patronage.'

2. Describe the methods used by political machines, including election fraud and kickbacks.

3. Discuss the significance of figures like Boss Tweed and the public reaction to political corruption, including the role of political cartoons.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key reformers and their motivations.

2. Explain the purpose and impact of the Pendleton Civil Service Act.

3. Compare and contrast the views on patronage versus civil service reform among political leaders.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key technological innovations such as skyscrapers, electric transit, and suspension bridges.

2. Explain how these innovations facilitated urban expansion and changed daily life.

3. Describe the principles and examples of early urban planning efforts, including the work of Olmsted and Burnham.

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Learning Targets:

1. Summarize the major developments in elementary and high school education, including curriculum and attendance changes.

2. Compare and contrast the educational philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois regarding African Americans.

3. Assess the impact of racial discrimination on educational opportunities for African Americans.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify various forms of popular culture, including newspapers, fiction, and art movements.

2. Explain how new methods of selling goods, such as department stores, chain stores, and mail-order catalogs, transformed consumer habits.

3. Describe the role of advertising and rural free delivery (RFD) in promoting consumerism.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the 'separate-but-equal' doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson and its implications in the South.

2. Identify specific examples of discrimination and violence (e.g., lynching, segregated neighborhoods) faced by African Americans in the South and North.

3. Discuss the challenges faced by Mexican workers and other non-white communities in the West.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify and describe the four goals of progressivism: protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, creating economic reform, and fostering efficiency.

2. Provide specific examples of reforms enacted under each progressive goal (e.g., child labor laws, prohibition, antitrust acts, scientific management).

3. Explain how these progressive goals addressed the problems of industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify major figures such as Florence Kelley, Upton Sinclair, Theodore Roosevelt, and Carrie Chapman Catt.

2. Describe the specific actions and advocacy efforts of these individuals in areas like labor reform, consumer protection, and women's suffrage.

3. Assess the role of organizations like the WCTU, NACW, and NAWSA in driving social and political change.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain how reforms like the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act led to increased federal regulation.

2. Discuss the significance of constitutional amendments such as the Seventeenth, Eighteenth, and Nineteenth Amendments.

3. Analyze how initiatives, referendums, and recalls aimed to make government more responsive to citizens.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the expanded opportunities for women in the workforce and higher education.

2. Trace the key events and strategies of the women's suffrage movement, including the roles of Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt.

3. Explain how women's activism in reform movements contributed to their eventual achievement of voting rights.

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Learning Targets:

1. Summarize Roosevelt's 'Square Deal' and its components, including trustbusting and conservation efforts.

2. Describe Wilson's 'New Freedom' policies, focusing on financial reforms like the Federal Reserve System and tariff reduction.

3. Compare and contrast the approaches of Roosevelt and Wilson to progressive reform and their lasting legacies.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify and explain the economic, military, and cultural factors driving US expansionism.

2. Discuss the influence of key figures like Alfred T. Mahan and William Seward on imperialist policies.

3. Compare and contrast American expansionism with European imperialism in Africa and Asia.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the role of yellow journalism and the USS Maine incident in escalating tensions with Spain.

2. Outline major battles and campaigns, including those in the Philippines and Cuba.

3. Summarize the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1898) and its immediate impact on US territory.

4. Discuss the arguments for and against the annexation of the Philippines.

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Learning Targets:

1. Trace the historical events leading to the overthrow of Queen Liliuokalani and Hawaii's annexation.

2. Describe the economic and strategic importance of Hawaii and Alaska to the United States.

3. Analyze the perspectives of native Hawaiians and American planters regarding annexation.

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Learning Targets:

1. Analyze the provisions and effects of the Foraker Act and the Platt Amendment.

2. Evaluate the challenges faced by the United States in governing new territories, including the Philippine-American War.

3. Compare the different outcomes for Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines under US influence.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the strategic and economic reasons for building the Panama Canal.

2. Identify the major engineering and health challenges faced during the canal's construction.

3. Explain the diplomatic and political maneuvering involved in securing the Canal Zone from Colombia.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain the concept and application of Roosevelt's 'Big Stick' diplomacy and the Roosevelt Corollary.

2. Describe Taft's 'Dollar Diplomacy' and its impact on Latin American nations.

3. Analyze Wilson's 'Missionary Diplomacy' and its application during the Mexican Revolution.

4. Discuss the Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion in the context of US influence in China.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify and explain the four long-term causes of WWI (nationalism, imperialism, militarism, alliances).

2. Describe the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand as the immediate catalyst for the war.

3. Trace the declarations of war among European powers in 1914.

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Learning Targets:

1. Discuss the impact of German U-boat attacks, including the sinking of the Lusitania.

2. Explain the significance of the Zimmermann Note in shifting American public opinion.

3. Analyze the economic ties and propaganda that influenced American sentiment towards the Allies.

4. Identify key events and legislation, such as the Selective Service Act, that marked US entry and mobilization.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain the concept and characteristics of trench warfare and 'no man's land'.

2. Identify and describe new weapons such as machine guns, tanks, airplanes, and poison gas.

3. Discuss the physical and psychological hazards faced by soldiers in the trenches.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the role of the War Industries Board and other federal agencies in regulating the economy.

2. Analyze the impact of the war on wages, corporate profits, and labor unions.

3. Explain efforts to conserve food and resources, such as the Food Administration and 'victory gardens'.

4. Discuss the Great Migration and new opportunities for African Americans and women.

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Learning Targets:

1. Summarize the key points of Wilson's Fourteen Points peace plan.

2. Identify the main territorial, military, and financial provisions imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles.

3. Discuss the 'war-guilt clause' and reparations as sources of German resentment.

4. Evaluate the reasons for the US Senate's rejection of the Treaty and the League of Nations.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key postwar trends such as nativism, isolationism, and labor unrest.

2. Explain the causes and effects of the Red Scare and anti-immigrant sentiment.

3. Describe the Sacco and Vanzetti case and its significance in 1920s America.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the provisions of the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and its amendments.

2. Compare pre- and post-quota system immigration trends from different regions.

3. Discuss the diplomatic consequences of the quota system, particularly with Japan.

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Learning Targets:

1. Summarize the grievances and demands of workers in the Boston Police, Steel Mill, and Coal Miners' strikes.

2. Identify key figures like John L. Lewis and their roles in labor movements.

3. Compare the government and public responses to different strikes.

4. Discuss the reasons for the overall decline in union membership during the 1920s.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key economic policies favored by President Calvin Coolidge.

2. Discuss the concept of 'superficial prosperity' and its underlying weaknesses.

3. Analyze political cartoons related to Coolidge and big business.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the changes in landscape, infrastructure, and urban development due to the automobile.

2. Analyze how the automobile altered daily life, leisure, and social independence.

3. Identify other emerging industries like aviation and their early developments.

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Learning Targets:

1. Define the installment plan and explain its function in consumer buying.

2. Identify the advantages and disadvantages of buying on credit for individuals and the economy.

3. Evaluate differing perspectives on the sustainability of credit-driven prosperity.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key terms and concepts related to 1920s cultural conflicts, such as Prohibition and fundamentalism.

2. Compare and contrast rural and urban lifestyles and their associated values during the 1920s.

3. Explain the causes and effects of Prohibition on American society and the rise of organized crime.

4. Discuss the various reactions to cultural changes, including support for traditional values and the embrace of modern behaviors.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the characteristics and significance of the 'flapper' image.

2. Examine new work opportunities and challenges faced by women in the 1920s.

3. Assess how social and technological innovations reshaped family life and women's domestic responsibilities.

4. Discuss the concept of the 'double standard' and women's progress towards equality.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain how school enrollments and curriculum expanded during the 1920s.

2. Describe the role of expanding news coverage and radio in shaping a mass culture.

3. Identify key figures and events that became popular cultural phenomena, such as Charles A. Lindbergh.

4. Discuss how popular culture reflected the conflict between traditional and modern attitudes.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain the Great Migration and its influence on the growth of Harlem as a cultural center.

2. Describe the goals and impact of organizations like the NAACP and figures like Marcus Garvey.

3. Identify prominent African-American writers, performers, and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance.

4. Analyze how the Harlem Renaissance celebrated African-American heritage and identity through various artistic expressions, particularly jazz and literature.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify key industries in trouble during the 1920s.

2. Explain how agricultural overproduction and debt contributed to economic instability.

3. Describe the impact of unequal income distribution and over-reliance on credit on consumer spending.

4. Summarize the role of speculation and buying on margin in the stock market crash.

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Learning Targets:

1. Identify the challenges of unemployment, homelessness, and hunger in urban areas (e.g., shantytowns, soup kitchens).

2. Explain the impact of the Dust Bowl on rural populations and migration patterns.

3. Contrast the experiences of men, women, and children during the Depression.

4. Discuss the specific difficulties faced by minority groups, including African Americans and Latinos.

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Learning Targets:

1. Explain Hoover's belief in 'rugged individualism' and limited federal intervention.

2. Identify specific actions taken by Hoover, such as the Boulder Dam and the RFC.

3. Analyze the reasons for public dissatisfaction with Hoover's approach.

4. Assess the effectiveness of Hoover's policies in addressing the economic crisis.

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Learning Targets:

1. Describe the purpose and composition of the Bonus Army.

2. Summarize the government's response to the Bonus Army protest.

3. Analyze how the incident further damaged Hoover's public image.

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