أهداف التعلم:

1. Justify radiographic choices (periapical, bitewing, panoramic/OPG, CBCT referral) using evidence‑based selection criteria and radiation protection requirements.

2. Interpret periapical and panoramic images systematically, describing normal anatomy and common pathologies; recognize red‑flag features suggestive of malignancy or aggressive lesions.

3. Perform and interpret pulp sensibility tests (thermal, EPT) and periapical tests (percussion, palpation, mobility), integrating results with symptoms and radiographic signs.

4. Indicate and interpret adjunctive investigations when appropriate (e.g., fungal swab for candidiasis, FBC for ulceration, glucose/HbA1c for infection risk, autoantibodies for Sjögren’s; biopsy/FNAC referral thresholds) within undergraduate scope.

5. Synthesize a concise problem representation to generate and prioritize differentials for cysts, odontogenic tumors, white and pigmented lesions, vesiculobullous disorders, salivary and bone pathologies, and soft‑tissue lesions; state a provisional working diagnosis and next diagnostic steps.

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Identify oral signs of viral (HSV, VZV, CMV, EBV, HIV), bacterial (tuberculosis, syphilis, actinomycosis), and fungal (Candida) infections and distinguish likely etiologies using clinical features and investigations.

2. Recognize oral features of metabolic, immunologic, and hematologic disorders and explain how they influence dental diagnosis and care.

3. Differentiate HIV infection from AIDS and list common associated oral lesions, indicating implications for oral care and infection control.

4. Explain standard systemic treatments relevant to oral manifestations (e.g., antivirals, antibiotics, immunosuppressants, chemotherapy/radiotherapy) and predict oral side effects and complications.

5. Decide when to defer, modify, or refer dental treatment; apply red‑flag criteria and medical emergency considerations in planning.

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Enumerate and map risk factors for caries and non‑bacterial tooth surface loss, OPMDs/OSCC, and common oral infections, including behavioral, environmental, and systemic determinants.

2. Outline evidence‑based prevention for caries and common infections (e.g., fluoride therapy, diet counseling, plaque control, denture hygiene, antifungal hygiene measures).

3. Recommend strategies to prevent progression of OPMDs and OSCC, including tobacco/alcohol cessation using Very Brief Advice/5As and lesion surveillance with safety‑netting.

4. Explain interactions between systemic health and oral disease (e.g., diabetes, immunosuppression, xerogenic medications) and integrate them into prevention plans.

5. Provide patient‑centered risk‑control advice within dental scope and coordinate with medical teams when indicated.

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Explain mechanisms of action and indications for antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, analgesics, anxiolytics, and topical agents used in dentistry.

2. Match drug regimens to specific oral infections and inflammatory conditions; modify choices for comorbidities and drug interactions (e.g., azoles with warfarin).

3. Compose complete prescriptions specifying drug, dose, route, frequency, and duration; provide clear usage instructions and key contraindications/precautions.

4. Apply antibiotic stewardship by prioritizing source control, reserving antibiotics for systemic involvement or cellulitis, documenting indication, and reviewing response within 48–72 hours.

5. Select analgesic strategies aligned with the WHO analgesic ladder; avoid unsafe combinations and counsel on self‑care and adverse effects.

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Perform full head and neck, extra‑oral, and intra‑oral examinations, identifying developmental anomalies, common lesions, swellings, and signs suggestive of infection or malignancy.

2. Select appropriate radiographic views for different clinical problems and obtain at least five periapical radiographs that meet acceptable technical quality.

3. Record clinical and radiographic findings clearly in notes/logbooks using standardized terminology and lesion descriptors.

4. Apply targeted examination skills to assess facial pain, jaw swellings, salivary swellings, and mucosal lesions, stating immediate management or referral steps.

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Structure consultations with the Calgary–Cambridge guide; use plain‑language explanations and confirm understanding with teach‑back.

2. Obtain and document valid informed consent for examinations, imaging, and treatments, including material risks, benefits, and alternatives.

3. Prepare concise, complete referrals using SBAR, attaching relevant images and radiographs; apply urgent two‑week‑wait criteria when indicated.

4. Present cases clearly in SGDs, CBLs, and clinical sessions and respond constructively to faculty and peer feedback.

5. Exhibit professional attire and behavior, maintain confidentiality and accurate records, and follow infection prevention and control practices.

الوحدات النمطية