أهداف التعلم:

1. Explain the structure of atoms (protons, neutrons, electrons) and their role in matter composition.

2. Relate atomic structure to the periodic table, including isotopes and chemical activity.

3. Analyze physical/chemical properties of substances and atomic bonding (e.g., water, carbon).

4. Conduct experiments to demonstrate non-contact forces (electric, magnetic, gravitational).

5. Compare force types and factors affecting gravitational force.

6. Apply scientific inquiry skills (data analysis, modeling) to validate theories.

7. Appreciate the historical contributions of scientists (Rutherford, Mendeleev).

الوحدات النمطية

أهداف التعلم:

1. Explain cellular theory and classify organisms (prokaryotes/eukaryotes, unicellular/multicellular).

2. Relate cell functions to the characteristics of life (e.g., stem cell differentiation).

3. Analyze the roles of microorganisms (beneficial vs. harmful) in ecosystems and human health.

4. Describe the Earth-Sun-Moon system, including planetary comparisons and orbital mechanics.

5. Explain astronomical phenomena (lunar/solar eclipses, seasons) using evidence-based models.

6. Interpret data on planetary characteristics and solar system organization.

7. Appreciate scientific contributions to biology and astronomy.